Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Ocimum basilicum L. and Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Extracts and Their Antibacterial Activity in Combination with Phage ZCSE6 and Sensing Properties

Abstract One of the dangerous pathogens that display high resistance to antibiotics is Salmonella enterica ( S. ), which infects humans and animals. In this study, a new approach was proposed fight antibiotic-resistant bacteria by using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with adding phage ZCSE6. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized analysis spectroscopy profile UV–Vis, visualize morphology, size transmission electron microscopy. Both minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) bactericidal (MBC) assessed. addition, able control biofilm formation , also, heavy metals detection their application in milk. UV–Vis spectra showed surface resonance peak 400 430 nm corresponding capping Ocimum basilicum L. Hibiscus sabdariffa L., respectively. MIC MBC values 6.25 µg/ml inhibit growth 12.5 from killing it decreased 1.5 when combined phage. present ZCSE6 obtain synergetic antimicrobial activity. Moreover, increases milk’s shelf-life senses Cd 2+ at 1 mM water. Graphical